Mariadb on Colben Notes

MariaDB 主从复制

Mon, 13 Apr 2020 18:00:00 +0800

环境

mariadb 主服务器，centos7.8，192.168.1.141
mariadb 主服务器，centos7.8，192.168.1.142
mariadb 从服务器，centos7.8，192.168.1.143
忽略系统数据库: information_schema, mysql, performance_schema

在两个主服务器上创建用于备份的用户 replicator

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grant replication slave on *.* to 'replicator'@'%' identified by 'password';
flush privileges;

在两个主服务器上修改 my.cnf

# 唯一 ID
# 192.168.1.141 配置 
server-id = 141
# 192.168.1.142 配置 
server-id = 142
read-only = 0

# binlog
# MariaDB 默认已开启 GTID
log-bin          = /var/lib/mysql-bin/master
binlog-format    = row
sync_binlog      = 1
expire-logs-days = 3
gtid-strict-mode = ON

# relay log
replicate-wild-ignore-table = information_schema.%
replicate-wild-ignore-table = init_sql.%
replicate-wild-ignore-table = mysql.%
replicate-wild-ignore-table = performance_schema.%
relay-log                   = /var/lib/mysql-bin/slave
relay-log-recovery          = TRUE
# 复制线程数不超过 cpu 核数
slave-parallel-threads      = 4

# 双主或多主互备时，可能会用到以下配置
# 自增主键初始值，与其他互备服务器一致
#auto-increment-offset =
# 自增主键等差值，与其他互备服务器均不一致
#auto-increment-increment =
# 该环境中，双主配合 keepalived 实现高可用，无需配置自增

开启互主同步

-- 在 192.168.1.141 上启动 mariadb，配置同步 192.168.1.142:
change master to master_host = '192.168.1.142',
                        master_port = 3306,
                        master_user = 'replicator',
                        master_password = 'password',
                        master_use_gtid = slave_pos;

-- 在 192.168.1.142 上启动 mariadb，配置同步 192.168.1.141:
change master to master_host = '192.168.1.141',
                        master_port = 3306,
                        master_user = 'replicator',
                        master_password = 'password',
                        master_use_gtid = slave_pos;

在两个主服务器上启动 slave ，查看 slave 状态

start slave;
-- 查看 slave 状态
show slave status\G
-- 如果看到
-- Slave_IO_Running: Yes
-- Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
-- 则表示 slave 开启成功！

在从服务器上编辑 my.cnf

# 唯一 ID
server-id = 143
# 从服务器只做查询，无增删改
read-only = 1

# 忽略的数据表
#replicate-ignore-table     = db1.t1
replicate-wild-ignore-table = information_schema.%
replicate-wild-ignore-table = init_sql.%
replicate-wild-ignore-table = mysql.%
replicate-wild-ignore-table = performance_schema.%
relay-log                   = /var/log/mysql-bin/slave
slave-parallel-threads      = 4

开启同步

change master 'db141' to master_host = '192.168.1.141',
                         master_port = 3306,
                         master_user = 'replicator',
                         master_password = 'password',
                         master_use_gtid = slave_pos;

change master 'db142' to master_host = '192.168.1.142',
                         master_port = 3306,
                         master_user = 'replicator',
                         master_password = 'password',
                         master_use_gtid = slave_pos;

在从服务器上启动 slave ，查看 slave 状态

start all slaves;
-- 在从服务器上查看 slave 状态
show all slaves status\G
-- 如果看到
-- Slave_IO_Running: Yes
-- Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
-- 则表示 slave 开启成功！

参考

CentOS 安装官方编译的 Mariadb 10.1 二进制通用包

Wed, 30 Oct 2019 17:53:33 +0800

环境

centos 5.4/6.2/6.5/7.2 x86_64

安装

下载官方编译好的 linux 通用安装包，解压之自定义目录（如/opt）下

# rhel 7 地址:
wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb//mariadb-10.1.19/bintar-linux-glibc_214-x86_64/mariadb-10.1.19-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz
# rhel 5/6 地址:
wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb//mariadb-10.1.19/bintar-linux-x86_64/mariadb-10.1.19-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
tar zxf mariadb-10.1.19-linux*-x86_64.tar.gz -C /opt/
cd /opt
mv mariadb-10.1.19-linux* mariadb

CentOS7 部署 Mariadb Galera 集群

Wed, 30 Oct 2019 14:01:06 +0800

环境

cpu	mem	hostname	public ip	cluster ip	CentOS	MariaDB
双核	2GB	mariadb_1	10.0.0.231	10.10.10.1	7.5	10.1.33
双核	2GB	mariadb_2	10.0.0.232	10.10.10.2	7.5	10.1.33
双核	2GB	mariadb_3	10.0.0.233	10.10.10.3	7.5	10.1.33

安装数据库

离线安装

下载 rpm
- MariaDB-10.1.33-centos7-x86_64-client.rpm
- MariaDB-10.1.33-centos7-x86_64-common.rpm
- MariaDB-10.1.33-centos7-x86_64-server.rpm
- MariaDB-10.1.33-centos7-x86_64-shared.rpm
- galera-25.3.23-1.rhel7.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
- jemalloc-3.6.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

安装 rpm

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yum erase mariadb-libs
rpm -ivh *.rpm

安装后会自动执行数据库初始化脚本，如果未执行，可手动运行
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mysql_install_db --user=mysql

yum 安装

创建 MariaDB-10.1 的 yum 源文件(就近选择一个)

mysql/mariadb 备份

Wed, 30 Oct 2019 00:54:15 +0800

xtrabackup

环境

mysql 8.4
rockylinux 9.6

安装

下载与操作系统和 mysql 版本对应的通用二进制包，解压

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tar zxf percona-xtrabackup-8.4.0-5-Linux-x86_64.glibc2.34-minimal.tar.gz
mv percona-xtrabackup-8.4.0-5-Linux-x86_64.glibc2.34-minimal /opt/pxb

备份前准备工作

备份目录如果是 nfs，挂载时需指定 sync 选项

创建备份用户

CREATE USER xb@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'Xtrabackup_1234';
GRANT BACKUP_ADMIN, PROCESS, RELOAD, LOCK TABLES, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO xb@localhost;
GRANT SELECT ON performance_schema.log_status TO xb@localhost;
GRANT SELECT ON performance_schema.keyring_component_status TO xb@localhost;
GRANT SELECT ON performance_schema.replication_group_members TO xb@localhost;

全量备份和恢复

备份