https://www.809508860.xyz/tags/lvm/ Recent content in Lvm on Colben Notes Hugo zh-cn Tue, 29 Oct 2019 21:44:02 +0800 https://www.809508860.xyz/post/lvm/ Tue, 29 Oct 2019 21:44:02 +0800 https://www.809508860.xyz/post/lvm/ <h2 id="lvm-一览">LVM 一览</h2> <p><img src="https://www.809508860.xyz/img/lvm.jpg" alt="lvm一览" title="lvm一览"></p> <h2 id="lvm-结构">LVM 结构</h2> <ul> <li>PE 物理扩展</li> <li>PV 物理卷，在设备起始处放置一个标签，包括 uuid，lvm 配置元数据位置以及剩余空间 <ul> <li>PV 可以由分区创建，也可以直接用磁盘创建</li> </ul> </li> <li>VG 卷组</li> <li>LV 逻辑卷 <ul> <li>Linear 线性卷</li> <li>Stripe 条带卷</li> <li>RAID raid 逻辑卷</li> <li>Mirror 镜像卷</li> <li>Thinly-Provision 精简配置逻辑卷</li> <li>Snapshot 快照卷</li> <li>Thinly-Provisioned Snapshot 精简配置快照卷</li> <li>Cache 缓存卷</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h2 id="lvm-相关命令">LVM 相关命令</h2> <h3 id="pv">PV</h3> <ul> <li>pvchange 更改物理卷属性</li> <li>pvck 检查物理卷元数据</li> <li>pvcreate 初始化磁盘或分区以供lvm使用</li> <li>pvdisplay 显示物理卷的属性</li> <li>pvmove 移动物理Exent</li> <li>pvremove 删除物理卷</li> <li>pvresize 调整lvm2使用的磁盘或分区的大小</li> <li>pvs 报告有关物理卷的信息</li> <li>pvscan 扫描物理卷的所有磁盘</li> </ul> <h3 id="vg">VG</h3> <ul> <li>vgcfgbackup 备份卷组描述符区域</li> <li>vgcfgrestore 恢复卷组描述符区域</li> <li>vgchange 更改卷组的属性</li> <li>vgck 检查卷组元数据</li> <li>vgconvert 转换卷组元数据格式</li> <li>vgcreate 创建卷组</li> <li>vgdisplay 显示卷组的属性</li> <li>vgexport 使卷组对系统不了解（这是个什么）</li> <li>vgextend 将物理卷添加到卷组</li> <li>vgimportclone 导入并重命名重复的卷组（例如硬件快照）</li> <li>vgmerge 合并两个卷组</li> <li>vgmknodes 重新创建卷组目录和逻辑卷特殊文件</li> <li>vgreduce 通过删除一个或多个物理卷来减少卷组（将物理卷踢出VG）</li> <li>vgremove 删除卷组</li> <li>vgrename 重命名卷组</li> <li>vgs 报告有关卷组信息</li> <li>vgscan 扫描卷组的所有磁盘并重建高速缓存</li> <li>vgsplit 将卷组拆分为两个，通过移动整个物理卷将任何逻辑卷从一个卷组移动到另一个卷组</li> </ul> <h3 id="lv">LV</h3> <ul> <li>lvchange 更改逻辑卷属性</li> <li>lvconvert 将逻辑卷从线性转换为镜像或快照</li> <li>lvcreate 将现有卷组中创建逻辑卷</li> <li>lvdisplay 显示逻辑卷的属性</li> <li>lvextend 扩展逻辑卷的大小</li> <li>lvmconfig 在加载lvm.conf和任何其他配置文件后显示配置信息</li> <li>lvmdiskscan 扫描lvm2可见的所有设备</li> <li>lvmdump 创建lvm2信息转储以用于诊断目的</li> <li>lvreduce 减少逻辑卷的大小</li> <li>lvremove 删除逻辑卷</li> <li>lvrename 重命名逻辑卷</li> <li>lvresize 调整逻辑卷大小</li> <li>lvs 报告有关逻辑卷的信息</li> <li>lvscan 扫描所有的逻辑卷</li> </ul> <h2 id="创建-lvm">创建 LVM</h2> <ul> <li>将磁盘创建为 pv（物理卷），其实物理磁盘被条带化为 pv，划成了一个一个的 pe，默认每个 pe 大小是 4MB</li> <li>创建 vg，其实它是一个空间池，不同PV加入同一 vg</li> <li>创建 lv，组成 lv 的 pe 可能来自不同的物理磁盘</li> <li>格式化 lv，挂载使用</li> </ul> <h2 id="pv-管理">PV 管理</h2> <ul> <li>制作 pv <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">pvcreate /dev/sdb1 </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div></li> <li>删除 pv(需先踢出 vg) <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">pvremove /dev/sdb1 </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div></li> <li>同步物理卷容量 <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">pvresize /dev/sdb1 </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div></li> </ul> <h2 id="vg-管理">VG 管理</h2> <ul> <li>制作 vg <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span><span class="lnt">2 </span><span class="lnt">3 </span><span class="lnt">4 </span><span class="lnt">5 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"># vgcreate vg_name 磁盘设备或分区</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">vgcreate datavg /dev/sdb1 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">vgcreate datavg /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"># -s 指定pe的大小为16M，默认不指定是4M</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">vgcreate -s 16M datavg2 /dev/sdb3 </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div></li> <li>从 vg 中移除缺失的磁盘 <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span><span class="lnt">2 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">vgreduce --removemissing datavg </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">vgreduce --removemissing datavg --force <span class="c1"># 强制移除</span> </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div></li> <li>扩展 vg 空间 <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">vgextend datavg /dev/sdb3 /dev/sdc </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div></li> <li>踢出 vg 中的某个成员 <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">vgreduce datavg /dev/sdb3 </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div></li> <li>删除 vg <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">vgremove VG </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div></li> <li>重命名 vg <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">vgrename xxxx-vgid-xxxx-xxxx new_name </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div></li> </ul> <h2 id="lv-管理">LV 管理</h2> <ul> <li>制作 lv <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span><span class="lnt">2 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"># -n lv_name，-L lv_size，datavg(vg name)</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">lvcreate -n lvdata1 -L 1.5G datavg </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div></li> <li>激活修复后的逻辑卷 <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span><span class="lnt">2 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">lvchange -ay /dev/datavg/lvdata1 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">lvchange -ay /dev/datavg/lvdata1 -K <span class="c1"># 强制激活</span> </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div></li> <li>创建 lvm 快照 <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span><span class="lnt">2 </span><span class="lnt">3 </span><span class="lnt">4 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"># 数据一致性备份</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"># 先做一个快照，冻结当前系统，这样快照里面的内容可暂时保持不变</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"># 系统本身继续运行，通过重新挂载备份快照卷，实现不中断服务备份。</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">lvcreate -s -n kuaizhao01 -L 100M /dev/datavg/lvdata1 </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div></li> <li>删除 lv <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">lvremove /dev/mapper/VG-mylv </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div></li> <li>扩大一个 lv <ul> <li>用vgdisplay查看vg还有多少空余空间</li> <li>扩充逻辑卷 <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span><span class="lnt">2 </span><span class="lnt">3 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">lvextend -L +1G /dev/VG/LV01 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"># -r 表示在扩展的同时也更新文件系统，不是所有的发行版本都支持</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">lvextend -L +1G /dev/VG/LV01 -r </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div></li> <li>扩充操作后，df -h 发现大小并没有变，需更新文件系统 <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span><span class="lnt">2 </span><span class="lnt">3 </span><span class="lnt">4 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"># 不同文件系统更新的命令不一样</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">e2fsck -f /dev/datavg/lvdata1 <span class="c1"># ext4 文件系统，检查 lv 的文件系统</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">resize2fs /dev/VG/LV01 <span class="c1"># ext4 文件系统命令，该命令后面接 lv 的设备名就行</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">xfs_growfs /nas <span class="c1"># xfs 文件系统，该命令后面直接跟的是挂载点</span> </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div></li> <li>更新文件系统后，df -h 正常</li> </ul> </li> <li>缩小一个 lv <ul> <li>umount 卸载</li> <li>缩小文件系统 <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">resize2fs /dev/VG/LV01 2G </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div></li> <li>缩小 lv <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">lvreduce -L -1G /dev/VG/LV01 </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div></li> <li>查看 lvs，mount 挂载</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h2 id="lvm-灾难恢复">lvm 灾难恢复</h2> <ul> <li>场景: 三块盘做 lvm，现有一物理盘损坏，将剩下两块放到其他linux服务器上</li> <li>恢复步骤 <ul> <li>查看磁盘信息，lvm信息，确认能查到lvm相关信息，找到VG组的名字 <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span><span class="lnt">2 </span><span class="lnt">3 </span><span class="lnt">4 </span><span class="lnt">5 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">pvs </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">lvs </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">vgs </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">fidsk </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">blkid </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div></li> <li>删除 lvm 信息中损坏的磁盘角色，强制提出故障磁盘 <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">vgreduce --removemissing VG_name </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div></li> <li>强制激活 vg 组 <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">vgchange -ay </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div></li> <li>强制激活 lvm <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">lvchange -ay /dev/VG_name </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div></li> <li>挂载</li> </ul> </li> </ul>